Which of the following materials could be potentially infected with bloodborne pathogens, assuming they are not mixed with human blood?

Semen or vaginal secretions can potentially be infected with bloodborne pathogens because these fluids can contain viruses or bacteria that are transmitted through blood, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Even in the absence of visible blood, these bodily fluids may still carry infectious agents that pose a risk to individuals exposed to them. This highlights the importance of understanding how various biological fluids can act as vectors for transmission of bloodborne pathogens, even when they are not visibly mixed with blood.

Other bodily fluids like saliva, urine, and feces generally do not carry a high risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens in the same way. While saliva can potentially harbor some viruses, it is not classified in the same high-risk category as semen or vaginal secretions, which are known for their association with more significant transmission rates for certain infections. Urine and feces, on the other hand, are not typically considered infectious in regard to bloodborne pathogens, unless they have been contaminated with blood, which further supports why semen and vaginal secretions are noted as potential risk factors.